Question set #2 Pgs 283-286 Questions 1-5

1)Running water in streams and rivers wear down Earth's surface by breaking up bedrock and by removing eroded rock and soil materials.

2)It transports materials in three different ways, in solution, in suspension, and in its bed load. In solution is minerals dissolved by bedrock carried downstream in the river's load. In suspension is when you small materials like silt, clay, and fine sand is carried in the load. In the bedload means stuff that is too heavy to be carried in suspension such as sand, pebbles, and boulders.

3)The greater the velocity, the more capacity the river has, and the competence is much bigger.

4)It deposits when either its velocity or discharge changes.

5)An alluvial fan is different because it forms on dry land and not in water. Second the sediments are coarse sand and gravel, not fine silt and clay. Lastly, its slope is sloping not flat like that of deltas.

Question set #1 Pgs 280-282 Questions 1-4

1)Streams and rivers are essential to the water cycle because water that falls to the ground drains into a larger body such as a stream or river, and the streams and rivers bring the water that falls to the ground into larger bodies of water where they are then evaporated and after it gets evaporated, it falls back to the ground and repeats the cycle again.

2)A river system is a river and all of its tributaries.

3)
Discharge- The amount of water passing through a certain point in the river in a given time.

Velocity- How fast the water is moving.

Channel-The path through which the water flows in a stream or river.

Gradient-The steepness of a riverbed.

4)The steeper the gradient, the faster the velocity would be because the steeper a slope, the faster things fall.

Factors affecting mass movement calculations

1) (300-100)/100=2 x 100= 200%
2) (50-100)/100= -50 x 100= -5000%

Homework for 12/18

1. What conditions might cause mud to flow?
A place with soil, water and a lot of movement.

2. What conclusion can you draw from the two images?
The piece of wood at 40 degrees is a lot easier to slide down because its a steeper slope

3. List at least two ways you could make the mud slide off the 30° slide plane without changing the plane's angle.
1- Add more water
2- Add vibration

4. What conditions in nature would be represented by the answers you gave for question 3?
Rain or Earthquakes

5. List at least two factors that contribute to the formation of mudflows on volcanoes.
1- The melting of snow caps
2- The gathering dust and ash from the eruption.

6. How might forest fires affect an area's potential for experiencing mudflows?
Because the ground is littered with debris from the fire and if mixed with water can turn into a mudflow with debris.

7. Hypothesize about how mudflows could change the topography of an area after a fire.
It could clear all of the debris and make it look like a fire was never there because everything would be buried.

8. What human activities strip soil of its protective vegetation and increase its vulnerability to mudflows?
Development of land and some kinds of farming.

9. Write a paragraph describing the conditions that cause dangerous mudflows. Include the types of locations where mudslides are most likely to occur.

Environments that have dangerous mudflows usually have a source of water, soil or debris, movement, a steep slope, and loose soil. All of those ingredients can combine to form a mudflow which is destructive and can ruin anything in its path. Volcanoes are a hot spot for where mudflows can happen because when the eruption occurs, the lava melts the ice caps and the ash combines with the water and forms a mud-like substance and goes down the mountain at highspeeds gathering debris along the way.

Mass Movement (Rock Fall)

Rock Fall is a type of mass movement. Rock fall occurs when blocks of rock shed from a cliff face and collect at the base.

Reading and Questions Set #3: pg. 202-204, question #1

1) A shield volcano is built of basaltic magma and it has a wide base and gently sloping sides. They can also be very big. A Cinder Cone is formed of pyroclastic material. They are the smallest types of volcanoes and they form in groups. They are different because a shield volcano can be very large and a cinder cone is very small. They are formed of different material, a cinder cone is formed of pyroclastic material and a shield volcano is formed of basaltic lava spreading slowly down the sides.

Reading and Questions Set #2: pg. 199-201, questions 1-3

1) They are different because they all have different viscosity, how explosive they are, and the different colors they have. Basaltic magma is found at oceanic hotspots and at mid ocean ridges, it has low viscosity and is a dark, dense rock.

2) Pahoehoe lava is smooth flowing, and cools into smooth rope-like shapes. AA lava is slow moving, and it cools into jagged shapes. Pillow lava erupts and cools underwater, it is very smooth when it cools.

3) Rhyolithic and Andesitic magma are associated with more explosive eruptions because they are the most explosive types of magma and they have the highest viscosity.Basaltic magma is associated with less explosive eruptions because it is the least explosive type of magma and it is the least viscosity.